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Cutting Propagation Hemerocallis may be propagated by offshoots using a set of auxins and cytokinins. The earliest paper on this approach was the one presented by Apps and Heuser, although a paper by Traubin 1937 discussed some vegetative propagations of this sort. The Apps and Heuser approach, the AH approach, gave the following results; for nine ramets, e.g. fan divisions, new shoots ranged between 75 to 105. This is more than a ten to one propagation gain. The AH results did not report on the time between initial treatment and the harvesting of the new shoots. The goal was 10 shoots per ramet. The newer approaches indicate that this can be done in a three month propagation period. The more recent work of Kirby-Smith and Kasha in 1981, compares these techniques and proposes an improved version. The KSK version allows for 2 to 6 shoots per ramet per four week period. The treatment allows for improved growth potential and the actual compounding of the growth with the new shoots as ramets. All of the procedures use ramets or small fan divisions from an existing plant. There appears to be little work done on leaf cuttings alone. The fan, albeit a small fan, seems to give better root growth and may be available in quantity from a health plant. A use of a proliferation[1], a growth on a scape has also been proposed and is used by several, as proposed by AHS.[2] The Apps and Heuser approach used a combination of kinetin and DMSO. The proposed approach by Kirby-Smith and Kasha, the KSK approach, uses the following mixture: 3 g. anhydrous Lanolin 90 mg. BAP (6-benzylaminopurine)[3] 90 mg. IAA (indole-3-acetic acid) The auxin is IAA and the cytokinin is BAP. The lanolin allows for an agent that acts as a light and water protective agent, minimizing light breakdown of the active agents. The paste is then suspended in a DMSO, dimethylsufoxide, solution for improved cell wall penetration. The DMSO is in a 4% solution. The cutting is removed from the plant, and has the solution placed on it once a day for five days and in a solution of 1.5 ml per application. Root Splitting Propagation The standard Hemerocallis propagation is by root splitting. The plant is allowed to cluster in its growth and then the entire plant is removed from the ground. The ramets or fan divisions are then all separated into separate clumps.[4] Frequently there is a use of Hormodin to increase root proliferation in this approach but generally this is unnecessary. Hill and Hill present a good summary of the propagation practices for this approach:[5] If you want to keep the plant for other purposes, remove fans at outer edge. The undisturbed portion should continue to bloom. If you want to get as high a yield as possible, then remove the entire plant, and break apart into as many fans as possible. Since divisions with few fans are fragile, Hill & Hill recommend that the roots be dusted with a fungicide. In a large clump, with a sharp knife, it is possible to get thirty or more divisions, that, if taken early in the season, may be appropriate for sale the next year. Yield is obtained or maximized by getting as small a fan clump as possible. Increasing yield can be obtained in several ways: Increase fertilizer, especially a nitrogen content to get more fan growth and less flowering. Use DMSO for improved fan production and also it has been suggested that estrogen and progesterone, namely birth control pills, have aided in production. Places the crowns higher than breeding plants, thus encouraging fan growth. Cut off the top of the plant in early spring and scoop out the crown. New buds form on the rim around the old crown. Split the leaf in two but no down to the crown. [1]Stout, p. 103 is one of the earliest references to the use of proliferations. The author has not tried these propagation approaches. [2]See AHS, 1991, Handbook, p. 33. [3]The KSK approach uses this cytokinin over kinetin since it seems to have better penetration capabilities. [4]See AHS, Handbook, pp. 31-32. [5]Hill & Hill, pp. 97-101. Included are dividing and proliferations.
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